A6 terms
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Aeroponics
A soilless growing method where plant roots are suspended in air and periodically misted with nutrient-rich water. Offers rapid growth rates and excellent oxygenation to the root zone.
Afghani
A classic landrace indica strain from the Hindu Kush mountains of Afghanistan. Known for heavy resin production, compact growth, and deeply relaxing effects. A foundational parent of countless modern strains.
Airy Buds
Loosely structured flowers that lack density, often caused by insufficient light, high temperatures, or genetics. Generally considered less desirable than dense, compact buds.
Alcohol Extraction
A method of making cannabis concentrates using food-grade ethanol or isopropyl alcohol as a solvent. The alcohol dissolves cannabinoids and terpenes, then is evaporated to leave behind a concentrated oil.
Apical Dominance
The tendency of a plant's main central stem (apical meristem) to grow more strongly than lateral branches. Training techniques like topping are used to break apical dominance and promote bushier growth.
Autoflower
A cannabis plant that transitions from vegetative growth to flowering based on age rather than light cycle changes. Autoflowering genetics originate from Cannabis ruderalis and allow for faster harvests. Read our autoflower vs feminized guide →
B14 terms
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Backcross (BX)
A breeding technique where a hybrid is crossed back to one of its parent strains to reinforce desired traits. Repeated backcrossing stabilizes specific characteristics like flavor, potency, or growth pattern.
BHO (Butane Hash Oil)
A cannabis concentrate extracted using butane as a solvent. BHO can take many forms including shatter, wax, and budder depending on post-processing techniques.
Bioavailability
The proportion of a consumed cannabis dose that reaches the bloodstream and produces active effects. Smoking and vaping have higher bioavailability (20-30%) than edibles (6-15%) due to first-pass liver metabolism.
Blunt
A cigar wrapper or tobacco leaf rolled with ground cannabis flower. Larger than a joint and often flavored from the tobacco wrapper.
Body High
A physical sensation of relaxation, heaviness, or tingling felt throughout the body. Commonly associated with indica-dominant strains and terpenes like myrcene. Read our indica vs sativa guide →
Bong
A water-filtered smoking device that cools and filters cannabis smoke through water before inhalation. Available in glass, silicone, ceramic, and acrylic.
Botrytis (Bud Rot)
A fungal infection (gray mold) that attacks cannabis flowers from the inside out. Thrives in high humidity and poor air circulation, especially in dense colas during late flowering.
Breeder
A person or company that selectively crosses cannabis plants to develop new strains with specific traits. Breeders stabilize genetics over multiple generations to ensure consistent phenotypes.
Broad-Spectrum
A cannabis extract that contains multiple cannabinoids and terpenes but has had THC completely removed. Sits between full-spectrum (includes THC) and isolate (single compound) products.
Bubble Hash
A solventless concentrate made using ice water and mesh bags to separate trichomes from plant material. Named for the way high-quality bubble hash bubbles when exposed to flame. Graded by quality from full-melt to cooking grade.
Bubbler
A handheld glass pipe that incorporates water filtration. Combines the portability of a pipe with the smoother hits of a bong.
Bud
The flowering portion of the cannabis plant that is harvested and consumed. Buds are covered in trichomes that contain the majority of the plant's cannabinoids and terpenes.
Budder
A type of cannabis concentrate with a creamy, butter-like consistency. Created through a whipping process during extraction that introduces air into the concentrate.
Budtender
A dispensary employee who assists customers in selecting cannabis products. Knowledgeable about strains, consumption methods, and dosing.
C26 terms
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Cal-Mag
A supplemental nutrient containing calcium and magnesium, essential for cannabis plants grown in coco coir or soft water. Calcium supports cell wall structure while magnesium is central to chlorophyll production.
Calyx
The small, tear-shaped structure that forms the base of each individual flower on a cannabis bud. Calyxes contain the highest concentration of trichomes and are where seeds develop if pollinated.
Cannabichromene (CBC)
A non-psychoactive cannabinoid that may enhance the pain-relieving effects of THC and shows anti-inflammatory and antidepressant potential. CBC is the third most abundant cannabinoid in some strains.
Cannabinoid
A class of chemical compounds that interact with the body's endocannabinoid system. Cannabis produces over 100 cannabinoids including THC, CBD, CBG, and CBN.
Cannabis Ruderalis
A subspecies of cannabis originating from Central Asia and Russia. Ruderalis plants autoflower based on age and are the genetic basis for all autoflowering strains.
Cannatonic
A high-CBD cannabis cultivar popular among medical users. Cannatonic typically expresses a 1:1 THC to CBD ratio, making it useful for pain relief and anxiety without intense psychoactive effects.
Canopy
The uppermost layer of foliage on a cannabis plant or grow. Even canopy management through training techniques ensures all bud sites receive uniform light.
Cap (Carb Cap)
A tool used with a dab rig to restrict airflow over the nail or banger after concentrate is applied. Lowers the air pressure and boiling point, allowing for lower-temperature dabs.
Carbon Filter
An activated carbon device used in grow room ventilation to scrub odors from exhaust air. Essential for indoor cultivation to manage the strong aroma of flowering cannabis.
Caryophyllene
A spicy, peppery terpene found in black pepper, cloves, and cannabis. Unique among terpenes because it binds directly to CB2 cannabinoid receptors, providing anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effects. Read our caryophyllene terpene guide →
CBD (Cannabidiol)
The second most abundant cannabinoid in cannabis. CBD is non-psychoactive and is associated with anti-anxiety, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Legal in most jurisdictions when derived from hemp.
CBG (Cannabigerol)
Often called the "mother cannabinoid" because it is the precursor from which THC, CBD, and other cannabinoids are synthesized. CBG shows promise for antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective applications.
CBN (Cannabinol)
A mildly psychoactive cannabinoid formed when THC degrades over time or through exposure to heat and light. CBN is associated with sedative effects and is commonly marketed in sleep-aid products.
Clone
A genetically identical cutting taken from a mother plant. Cloning preserves the exact genetics of a desired phenotype, ensuring consistent growth characteristics and cannabinoid profiles.
CO2 Extraction
A clean extraction method using pressurized carbon dioxide to separate cannabinoids and terpenes from plant material. Produces high-quality, solvent-free concentrates.
Coco Coir
A growing medium made from the fibrous husks of coconuts. Offers excellent water retention and aeration, and is popular for hydroponic and soilless cannabis cultivation.
Cola
The tight cluster of buds that form at the top of a main stem or branch. The main cola (apical bud) grows at the very top of the plant, while training techniques can create multiple colas of similar size.
Colloidal Silver
A solution of microscopic silver particles in water used to create feminized cannabis seeds. When sprayed on female plants, colloidal silver suppresses ethylene production, causing the plant to produce pollen sacs with only female (XX) genetics.
Compost Tea
A liquid fertilizer made by steeping compost in aerated water. Rich in beneficial microorganisms and nutrients, compost tea is a staple of organic and living soil cannabis cultivation.
Concentrate
A potent cannabis product created by extracting cannabinoids and terpenes from plant material. Concentrates include shatter, wax, rosin, live resin, distillate, and hash, with THC levels often exceeding 60-90%.
Cotyledon
The first pair of small, round leaves that emerge from a cannabis seedling. Cotyledons contain stored energy to fuel initial growth until true leaves develop and begin photosynthesis.
Couch-Lock
An intense state of physical sedation and relaxation that makes it difficult to get up from a seated position. Typically associated with high-THC indica strains rich in myrcene. Read our indica vs sativa guide →
Crumble
A dry, crumbly cannabis concentrate with a honeycomb-like texture. Produced through solvent extraction with a purging process that creates its characteristic consistency. Easy to handle and dose.
Cultivar
The technically accurate term for what is commonly called a "strain." A cultivar is a cultivated variety of cannabis that has been selectively bred for specific characteristics.
Cure / Curing
The process of slowly drying harvested cannabis in sealed jars over 2-8 weeks. Curing breaks down chlorophyll, improves flavor and smoothness, and allows cannabinoids to reach their full potency.
Curing Jar
A glass mason jar used to cure cannabis after initial drying. Jars are opened periodically (burping) to exchange air and release moisture, gradually improving the flavor, aroma, and smoothness of the final product.
D17 terms
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Dab / Dabbing
A method of consuming cannabis concentrates by vaporizing them on a heated surface (nail or banger) and inhaling the vapor through a dab rig. Delivers rapid, potent effects.
Dab Rig
A specialized water pipe designed for vaporizing cannabis concentrates. Features a nail or banger heated with a torch or electronic heating element instead of a traditional bowl.
Dank
Slang for high-quality, potent, pungent cannabis. Characterized by dense, sticky buds with strong aroma and high trichome coverage.
Decarboxylation
The process of applying heat to convert raw cannabinoid acids (THCA, CBDA) into their active forms (THC, CBD). Occurs naturally when smoking or vaping, but must be done deliberately when making edibles.
Defoliation
The selective removal of fan leaves during the growing cycle to improve light penetration and airflow to lower bud sites. A somewhat controversial high-stress training technique.
Delta-8 THC
A minor cannabinoid that occurs naturally in trace amounts in cannabis. Delta-8 produces milder psychoactive effects than delta-9 THC and is often synthesized from CBD hemp extract.
Delta-9 THC
The primary psychoactive compound in cannabis, responsible for the "high." Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol binds to CB1 receptors in the brain and central nervous system.
Diamonds
Crystalline structures of nearly pure THCA (or CBDA) formed through a slow separation process in terpene-rich sauce. Cannabis diamonds can reach 99%+ cannabinoid purity.
Dispensary
A licensed retail establishment that sells cannabis products to consumers. Dispensaries may serve medical patients, recreational adults, or both depending on state regulations.
Distillate
A highly refined cannabis oil that has been distilled to isolate specific cannabinoids, typically THC or CBD, at purities of 90-99%. Flavorless and odorless, commonly used in vape cartridges and edibles.
DLI (Daily Light Integral)
The total amount of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) received by a plant in a 24-hour period, measured in mol/m2/day. Optimal DLI for flowering cannabis is typically 40-60 mol/m2/day.
Drip Irrigation
An automated watering system that delivers nutrient solution directly to each plant's root zone through emitter tubes. Provides consistent, efficient feeding and is standard in commercial cannabis cultivation.
Dry Sift
A solventless extraction method that uses fine mesh screens to separate trichome heads from dried cannabis flower through agitation. The collected kief can be pressed into hash.
Dry Trim
Trimming cannabis buds after the initial drying period rather than immediately after harvest. Produces a slower, more even dry and is preferred for preserving terpenes.
Drying
The initial post-harvest process of hanging or racking trimmed cannabis in a controlled environment (60°F, 60% humidity) for 7-14 days. Proper drying prevents mold while preserving terpenes and cannabinoid potency.
Dugout
A small, portable container that holds ground cannabis and a one-hitter pipe. Designed for discreet, on-the-go consumption.
Durban Poison
A pure sativa landrace strain from Durban, South Africa. Known for uplifting, energetic effects, sweet anise-like aroma, and high THCV content. A parent of many popular hybrid strains including Girl Scout Cookies.
E6 terms
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E-Nail
An electronic heating device for dab rigs that maintains a precise, consistent temperature without the need for a butane torch. Allows for repeatable low-temperature dabbing that preserves terpene flavor.
EC (Electrical Conductivity)
A measurement of the total dissolved salts in a nutrient solution, indicating overall nutrient strength. Used alongside pH to monitor and adjust hydroponic or coco coir nutrient feeding.
Edibles
Cannabis-infused food and drink products. Effects from edibles take 30 minutes to 2 hours to onset and last significantly longer (4-8 hours) than inhaled cannabis due to liver metabolism converting THC to the more potent 11-hydroxy-THC.
Endocannabinoid System (ECS)
A biological signaling system present in all mammals that regulates mood, pain, appetite, sleep, and immune function. Consists of endogenous cannabinoids, receptors (CB1 and CB2), and enzymes.
Entourage Effect
The theory that cannabis compounds (cannabinoids, terpenes, flavonoids) work synergistically to produce effects greater than any single compound alone. This is why full-spectrum products are often considered more effective than isolates. Read our entourage effect guide →
Ethanol Extraction
A common extraction method using food-grade ethanol to dissolve cannabinoids and terpenes from cannabis biomass. Widely used in commercial production for tinctures, distillate, and full-spectrum oils.
F14 terms
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F1 (First Filial Generation)
The first generation offspring from crossing two distinct parent strains. F1 hybrids typically show "hybrid vigor" with strong, uniform growth, but traits may vary more in subsequent F2 and F3 generations.
F2 (Second Filial Generation)
The offspring produced by crossing two F1 plants together. F2 generations display much greater phenotypic variation as recessive traits from both parent lines resurface.
Fan Leaf
The large, iconic cannabis leaves with the characteristic multi-fingered shape. Fan leaves are the primary photosynthetic organs but contain minimal cannabinoids. They are removed during trimming.
Feminized Pollen
Pollen produced by a genetically female cannabis plant that has been induced to form male flowers through stress or chemical treatment. All seeds produced by feminized pollen will be female.
Feminized Seeds
Seeds bred to produce only female plants, eliminating the risk of male plants pollinating a crop. Created by stressing a female plant to produce pollen (rodelization or colloidal silver) and using it to pollinate another female. Read our autoflower vs feminized guide →
FIM (F**k I Missed)
A topping variation where approximately 75% of the new growth tip is removed instead of the entire tip. Named because it was discovered accidentally, FIMming can produce 4+ new growth tips per cut.
Flavonoids
A group of phytonutrients found in cannabis that contribute to the plant's color and may have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. Work alongside terpenes and cannabinoids in the entourage effect.
Flower
The reproductive structure of the female cannabis plant that is harvested and consumed. Also used as a general term for smokable cannabis bud as opposed to concentrates or edibles.
Flower Rosin
Rosin pressed directly from dried cannabis flower using a heated press. Simpler to produce than hash rosin but typically lower in clarity and potency.
Flowering Time
The number of weeks a cannabis plant takes to fully mature its flowers after the switch to a 12/12 light cycle (or, for autoflowers, from seed to harvest). Typically ranges from 7-12 weeks.
Flush / Flushing
The practice of watering plants with plain, pH-balanced water (no nutrients) in the final 1-2 weeks before harvest. Aims to remove excess mineral salts from the growing medium for a cleaner, smoother smoke.
Foliar Feeding
Spraying a dilute nutrient solution directly onto cannabis leaves for rapid absorption through stomata. Useful for correcting micronutrient deficiencies quickly, typically done during vegetative growth.
Full-Melt
The highest quality grade of bubble hash or dry sift that melts completely when heated, leaving no residue. Indicates nearly pure trichome heads with minimal plant contamination.
Full-Spectrum
A cannabis extract that preserves the complete range of cannabinoids, terpenes, and other beneficial compounds found in the original plant. Designed to maximize the entourage effect.
G8 terms
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Ganja
A widely used term for cannabis originating from the Sanskrit and Hindi languages. Commonly used in Jamaica and throughout the Caribbean.
Genotype
The complete genetic blueprint of a cannabis plant, inherited from its parent strains. The genotype determines the range of possible traits, while the phenotype is how those genetics are expressed under specific environmental conditions.
Germination
The process of a cannabis seed sprouting and developing its first root (taproot). Common methods include the paper towel method, direct soil planting, and water soaking. Read our germination guide →
Gravity Bong
A DIY smoking device that uses water and gravity to pull smoke into a chamber, delivering an extremely concentrated hit. Made from household items like bottles and buckets.
Green Out
The uncomfortable experience of consuming too much cannabis, characterized by nausea, dizziness, anxiety, and sweating. Not medically dangerous but can be distressing, especially for new users.
Grinder
A tool used to break down cannabis flower into a consistent, fine texture for rolling or packing. Typically features sharp teeth and may include a kief catcher screen.
Grow Medium
The material in which cannabis roots grow. Common media include soil, coco coir, perlite, rockwool, clay pebbles (hydroton), and deep water culture (no medium).
Grow Tent
A portable, enclosed structure with reflective interior walls used for indoor cannabis cultivation. Provides a controlled environment for managing light, temperature, humidity, and ventilation.
H13 terms
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Hang Drying
The most common method of drying harvested cannabis by hanging whole plants or individual branches upside down in a controlled environment. Allows for a slow, even drying process.
Hash / Hashish
A cannabis concentrate made by separating and compressing trichome heads from plant material. Traditional hash-making methods include dry sifting, ice water extraction, and hand-rubbing.
Head High
A cerebral, mentally stimulating effect characterized by euphoria, creativity, and altered perception. Commonly associated with sativa-dominant strains and terpenes like limonene and pinene. Read our indica vs sativa guide →
Head Stash
A cultivator's personal selection of the highest quality buds from a harvest, set aside for personal use rather than sale. Typically represents the best phenotypes or top colas.
Heady Glass
Artisan, hand-blown glass smoking pieces valued for their artistic design and craftsmanship. Heady glass pieces can range from hundreds to thousands of dollars.
Heirloom
A cannabis strain that has been grown and maintained in a specific region outside its place of origin for an extended period, adapting to local conditions while remaining genetically consistent.
Hemp
Cannabis plants containing 0.3% or less THC by dry weight, as defined by U.S. federal law. Hemp is cultivated for fiber, grain, CBD extraction, and industrial applications.
Hermaphrodite (Herm)
A cannabis plant that develops both male and female reproductive organs. Hermaphroditism can be caused by genetic instability or environmental stress (light leaks, heat, irregular light cycles) and leads to self-pollination and seeded buds.
High-Stress Training (HST)
Training techniques that involve physically damaging the plant to redirect growth. Includes topping, FIMming, supercropping, and mainlining. Requires recovery time but can significantly increase yields.
HPS (High-Pressure Sodium)
A type of high-intensity discharge (HID) grow light that emits a warm, orange-red spectrum. HPS lights are highly effective for the flowering stage but generate significant heat.
Humulene
A woody, earthy terpene found in hops, coriander, and cannabis. One of the few terpenes that suppresses appetite rather than stimulating it, and provides anti-inflammatory benefits. Read our humulene terpene guide →
Hybrid
A cannabis strain created by crossing indica and sativa genetics. Hybrids can be indica-dominant, sativa-dominant, or balanced, and make up the majority of modern cannabis cultivars. Read our indica vs sativa guide →
Hydroponics
A soilless cultivation method where cannabis roots grow in an inert medium (or directly in water) and receive nutrients through a liquid solution. Offers faster growth and greater control over feeding.
I6 terms
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Ice Water Extraction
A solventless method of separating trichomes from cannabis using ice-cold water and agitation. The cold temperature makes trichomes brittle and easy to break off, collected through progressively finer mesh bags.
Indica
One of the two primary subspecies of cannabis (along with sativa). Indica plants are typically shorter, bushier, with wider leaves and faster flowering times. Associated with relaxing, body-focused effects. Read our indica vs sativa guide →
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
A holistic approach to pest control combining prevention, biological controls (beneficial insects), cultural practices, and minimal targeted pesticide use. Standard practice in professional cannabis cultivation.
Internode
The section of stem between two nodes on a cannabis plant. Short internodes produce compact, bushy growth (typical of indicas), while long internodes create a stretchy, open structure (typical of sativas).
Irrigation
The system and practice of delivering water and nutrients to cannabis plants. Methods include hand-watering, drip irrigation, flood-and-drain (ebb and flow), and deep water culture.
Isolate
A cannabis extract refined to contain a single cannabinoid (usually CBD or THC) at 99%+ purity. Contains no other cannabinoids, terpenes, or plant compounds.
J3 terms
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Jack Herer
An iconic sativa-dominant strain named after the cannabis activist and author of "The Emperor Wears No Clothes." Known for blissful, creative, and clear-headed effects.
Joint
Ground cannabis flower rolled in thin paper, often with a filter or crutch at the mouthpiece end. The most traditional and widespread method of cannabis consumption worldwide.
Juice (Rosin Juice)
A term for the liquid terpene fraction that separates from rosin during pressing. Rich in flavor compounds and sometimes collected separately for use in vape cartridges.
K3 terms
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Kief
The loose trichome heads that separate from cannabis flower during grinding or handling. Kief is a potent, powdery substance that can be sprinkled on bowls, pressed into hash, or used in edibles.
Kola
An alternate spelling of "cola." Refers to the dense cluster of flowers at the terminus of a cannabis branch.
Kush
A family of cannabis strains originating from the Hindu Kush mountain range in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Kush varieties are typically indica-dominant with earthy, piney flavors and potent, relaxing effects.
L10 terms
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Landrace
A wild or traditionally cultivated cannabis variety that has adapted naturally to its geographic region over centuries. Landrace strains like Afghan Kush, Thai, and Durban Poison are the genetic foundation of all modern hybrids.
LED (Light Emitting Diode)
The dominant modern grow light technology for cannabis cultivation. LED lights offer full-spectrum output, high energy efficiency, low heat generation, and long lifespan.
Limonene
A citrusy terpene abundant in lemon rinds, orange peel, and many cannabis strains. Associated with mood elevation, stress relief, and anti-anxiety effects. Read our limonene terpene guide →
Linalool
A floral, lavender-scented terpene found in lavender, birch bark, and cannabis. Known for calming, sedative properties and shows promise as an anti-convulsant. Read our linalool terpene guide →
Live Resin
A cannabis concentrate made from fresh-frozen plant material (not dried or cured). Flash-freezing preserves the full terpene profile, producing a more flavorful and aromatic concentrate than extracts made from dried flower.
Live Rosin
A solventless concentrate made by pressing bubble hash (from fresh-frozen material) with heat and pressure. Considered by many to be the pinnacle of cannabis concentrates for purity and flavor.
Living Soil
An organic growing approach that cultivates a thriving ecosystem of beneficial microorganisms, fungi, and insects in the soil. The living food web breaks down organic matter and delivers nutrients to the plant naturally.
Lollipopping
A pruning technique where lower branches and small bud sites are removed from the bottom portion of the plant. This directs the plant's energy toward the top colas that receive the most light.
Loud
Slang for cannabis with an extremely strong, pungent aroma that is difficult to conceal. Used to describe high-quality, terpene-rich flower.
Low-Stress Training (LST)
A gentle training technique that involves bending and tying down branches to create an even canopy without cutting the plant. LST maximizes light exposure to all bud sites and increases overall yield.
M10 terms
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Macro Nutrients
The three primary nutrients cannabis requires in large quantities: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). Calcium, magnesium, and sulfur are considered secondary macronutrients.
Mainlining (Manifolding)
An advanced training technique that creates a symmetrical plant structure by repeatedly topping and training to form a "manifold" of evenly sized colas. Results in uniform bud development and even nutrient distribution.
Male Plant
A cannabis plant that produces pollen sacs instead of flowers. Male plants do not produce smokable buds and are removed from gardens to prevent pollination, unless breeding is the goal.
Micro Nutrients
Trace elements required by cannabis in small amounts: iron, manganese, zinc, boron, copper, molybdenum, and chlorine. Deficiencies are less common but can cause significant growth issues.
Microclimate
The specific environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, airflow) in a localized area within a grow space. Different parts of a canopy can have distinct microclimates.
Microdosing
Consuming very small amounts of cannabis (typically 1-5mg THC) to achieve subtle therapeutic benefits without significant psychoactive effects. Popular among users seeking anxiety relief, focus, or creativity enhancement.
Moon Rocks
A potent cannabis product made by coating a dense bud in cannabis oil, then rolling it in kief. The resulting product can exceed 50% THC and delivers extremely intense effects.
Mother Plant
A cannabis plant maintained in a vegetative state specifically for taking clones. A good mother plant provides a consistent source of genetically identical cuttings.
Mycorrhizae
Beneficial fungi that form symbiotic relationships with cannabis root systems. Mycorrhizal fungi dramatically expand the plant's effective root zone, improving nutrient and water uptake.
Myrcene
The most abundant terpene in cannabis, with an earthy, musky aroma. Myrcene enhances THC absorption across the blood-brain barrier and contributes to the sedating "couch-lock" effect of indica strains. Read our myrcene terpene guide →
N8 terms
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Nanoemulsion
A technology used in cannabis edibles and beverages that breaks cannabinoid molecules into nano-sized particles for faster absorption and higher bioavailability. Reduces onset time from 1-2 hours to 15-30 minutes.
Neem Oil
A natural, organic pesticide derived from the neem tree. Widely used in cannabis cultivation to control spider mites, aphids, whiteflies, and powdery mildew during the vegetative stage.
Nitrogen (N)
The first number in NPK ratios and the most critical nutrient during vegetative growth. Nitrogen is essential for chlorophyll production, leaf development, and overall plant vigor. Deficiency shows as yellowing lower leaves.
Node
The point on a cannabis stem where branches, leaves, and flowers emerge. Nodes are where new growth originates and where pre-flowers first appear, allowing for early sex identification.
NPK
The three-number ratio on fertilizer labels representing Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium. Cannabis requires higher N during veg (e.g., 3-1-2) and higher P and K during flowering (e.g., 1-3-2).
Nug
Slang for a trimmed, dried, and cured cannabis bud. The term implies a quality, dense flower as opposed to shake or trim.
Nutrient Burn
Damage to cannabis leaves caused by overfeeding. Symptoms include brown, crispy leaf tips that progress inward with continued overfeeding. Resolved by flushing the medium and reducing nutrient concentration.
Nutrient Lockout
A condition where nutrients are present in the growing medium but unavailable to the plant due to incorrect pH, salt buildup, or antagonistic nutrient interactions. Symptoms mimic nutrient deficiency.
O6 terms
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Ocimene
A sweet, herbaceous terpene found in mint, parsley, orchids, and cannabis. Provides anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and decongestant properties. Read our ocimene terpene guide →
OG
Originally "Ocean Grown," referring to a legendary line of cannabis genetics from Southern California. OG Kush and its descendants are among the most popular and influential strains in modern cannabis.
OG Kush
One of the most influential cannabis strains in modern history. Known for its distinct earthy, pine, and fuel aroma, potent euphoric effects, and status as a parent strain for hundreds of popular hybrids.
One-Hitter
A small pipe designed for a single inhalation of cannabis. Provides portion control and discreet consumption.
Organic
Cannabis cultivation using only natural inputs — no synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, or growth regulators. Organic growing relies on composted amendments, beneficial microorganisms, and natural pest management.
Outdoor Growing
Cultivating cannabis under natural sunlight in an outdoor environment. Outdoor growing produces larger plants and heavier yields per plant but is subject to weather, pests, and seasonal light cycles.
P23 terms
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PAR (Photosynthetically Active Radiation)
The range of light wavelengths (400-700nm) that plants use for photosynthesis. PAR intensity at the canopy level is a critical factor in cannabis yield and quality.
Peat Moss
A partially decomposed sphagnum moss used as a base in many potting soils. Provides good water retention and slight acidity but is increasingly replaced by coco coir due to environmental sustainability concerns.
Percolation
The diffusion and filtration of smoke or vapor through water in a bong or dab rig. More percolation chambers produce smoother, cooler hits.
Percolator (Perc)
A filtration feature inside a bong or dab rig that creates additional water diffusion. Common types include tree, honeycomb, inline, and showerhead percolators.
Perlite
A lightweight, white volcanic glass material used as a soil amendment to improve drainage and aeration. Commonly mixed with coco coir or potting soil at 20-30% ratio for cannabis cultivation.
pH
A measure of acidity or alkalinity on a 0-14 scale. Cannabis absorbs nutrients most efficiently in soil at pH 6.0-7.0 and in hydro/coco at pH 5.5-6.5. Incorrect pH is the most common cause of nutrient problems.
Pheno-Hunting
The practice of growing multiple seeds from the same strain to identify and select the best phenotype based on desired traits such as potency, aroma, yield, or structure.
Phenotype (Pheno)
The physical expression of a plant's genetics as influenced by its environment. Two seeds from the same strain can display different phenotypes (pheno-hunting) with variations in structure, color, aroma, and potency.
Phosphorus (P)
The middle number in NPK ratios and critical during the flowering stage. Phosphorus supports root development, flower formation, and energy transfer within the plant. Deficiency shows as purple stems and dark, blotchy leaves.
Photoperiod
A cannabis plant that requires a change in light cycle (typically from 18/6 to 12/12) to initiate flowering. All non-autoflowering cannabis strains are photoperiod dependent. Read our autoflower vs feminized guide →
Pinene
A terpene with a fresh pine aroma found in pine needles, rosemary, and cannabis. May counteract short-term memory effects of THC and acts as a bronchodilator to open airways. Read our pinene terpene guide →
Pistil
The hair-like structures that emerge from cannabis calyxes, initially white and turning orange, red, or brown as the plant matures. Pistils are part of the female reproductive system and catch pollen.
Plant Count
The number of cannabis plants being cultivated, often subject to legal limits. Home grow laws typically permit 4-12 plants per household depending on jurisdiction. Read our seed laws by state →
Pollen
The fine powder produced by male cannabis plants (or hermaphrodites) used to fertilize female flowers. Cannabis breeders collect and store pollen for controlled pollination.
Popcorn Buds
Small, underdeveloped buds that form on lower branches that receive insufficient light. Named for their popcorn-kernel size. Lollipopping helps prevent popcorn buds by directing energy to top colas.
Pot
A common slang term for cannabis or marijuana. Also refers to the container in which a cannabis plant is grown.
Potassium (K)
The third number in NPK ratios and important throughout the entire grow cycle. Potassium regulates water uptake, enzyme activation, and photosynthesis. Deficiency shows as brown, crispy leaf edges.
PPFD (Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density)
The amount of photosynthetically active light hitting a given area per second, measured in micromoles per square meter per second. Flowering cannabis typically requires 600-1000+ umol/m2/s.
PPM (Parts Per Million)
A measurement of dissolved nutrient concentration in water. Used to monitor and adjust nutrient feeding strength. Optimal PPM ranges vary by growth stage, typically 400-800 in veg and 800-1400 in flower.
Pre-Roll
A pre-made cannabis joint sold ready to smoke at dispensaries. Available in various sizes and may contain flower, infused flower, or a combination with concentrates.
Press (Rosin Press)
A heated hydraulic or pneumatic press used to extract rosin from cannabis flower, hash, or kief. Plates are typically heated to 160-220°F and apply several tons of pressure.
Prohibition
The legal banning of cannabis cultivation, sale, and use. Cannabis prohibition began in the U.S. in 1937 and remains federal law, though individual states have enacted legalization.
Purging
The process of removing residual solvents from cannabis concentrates after extraction. Proper purging using vacuum ovens ensures the final product is safe for consumption.
Q1 term
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QP (Quarter Pound)
A unit of measurement equal to 4 ounces (approximately 113 grams) of cannabis. Commonly used in wholesale and bulk cannabis transactions.
R9 terms
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Reclaim
The residual cannabis oil that collects inside a dab rig or vaporizer over time. Reclaim retains some cannabinoid potency and can be reused in edibles or for additional dabs.
Recreational Cannabis
Cannabis sold to adults (21+ in most U.S. states) for personal enjoyment rather than medical purposes. Legal recreational markets operate alongside or separately from medical programs.
Resin
The sticky, trichome-rich substance produced by cannabis flowers. Contains the highest concentration of cannabinoids and terpenes and is the basis for all cannabis concentrates.
Revegging
The process of returning a harvested cannabis plant to the vegetative state by switching the light cycle back to 18/6 or 24/0. Allows growers to take clones or run another flowering cycle from a proven plant.
Rick Simpson Oil (RSO)
A full-spectrum, highly concentrated cannabis oil typically made with ethanol extraction and consumed orally. Named after Rick Simpson, who promoted its use for serious medical conditions.
Rockwool
A mineral fiber growing medium made from spun basite rock. Popular in hydroponic cannabis cultivation for its excellent water retention and root support, though pH must be carefully managed.
Rosin
A solventless cannabis concentrate produced by applying heat and pressure to flower, hash, or kief. Rosin requires no chemical solvents, making it one of the purest concentrate options available.
Ruderalis
The third subspecies of cannabis, native to Central and Eastern Europe and Russia. Ruderalis plants are small, low-THC, and autoflowering. Their genetics are bred into modern autoflower strains.
Runoff
The water that drains from the bottom of a container after watering. Measuring the pH and PPM of runoff helps diagnose root zone conditions and nutrient buildup.
S22 terms
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Sativa
One of the two primary subspecies of cannabis. Sativa plants are typically taller with narrow leaves, longer flowering times, and are associated with uplifting, cerebral, energizing effects. Read our indica vs sativa guide →
Sauce
A terpene-rich, liquid cannabis concentrate with a syrupy consistency often containing THCA diamonds. Live resin sauce is prized for its intense flavor and full-spectrum effects.
Schwazzing
An aggressive defoliation technique where the majority of fan leaves are removed at specific points during flowering. Controversial but claimed to dramatically increase yields by redirecting energy to bud production.
SCROG (Screen of Green)
A training technique that uses a horizontal screen or net to weave and spread branches across an even canopy. Maximizes light distribution and creates uniform bud development across the entire plant.
Scrog Net
The horizontal screen or net used in the SCROG training method. Typically made from garden netting, string, or wire with 2-4 inch openings.
Sea of Green (SOG)
A growing method using many small plants packed closely together, each producing a single main cola. SOG reduces vegetative time and maximizes yield per square foot.
Seed Bank
A company that breeds, produces, and sells cannabis seeds. Seed banks curate genetics from breeders worldwide and ship seeds to collectors and cultivators.
Seed-to-Sale
A tracking system required in regulated cannabis markets that monitors every plant from seed or clone through cultivation, processing, and retail sale. Ensures compliance and prevents diversion.
Sensimilla
Unfertilized female cannabis flowers grown without exposure to male pollen. Sensimilla produces seedless buds with higher cannabinoid concentrations than seeded flower.
Session
A period of cannabis consumption, often social. Session strains or products are those with moderate potency suitable for extended, relaxed use without becoming overly intoxicated.
Shake
The small pieces of cannabis flower that break off from larger buds during handling and packaging. Shake is less potent than intact buds but is commonly used for pre-rolls and extraction.
Shatter
A translucent, glass-like cannabis concentrate that "shatters" when broken. Created through BHO extraction and post-processing that removes lipids and waxes for a clean, stable product.
SOG
See Sea of Green. A growing technique using many small, closely spaced plants to maximize canopy coverage and accelerate harvest cycles.
Solventless
Cannabis concentrates produced without chemical solvents — using only heat, pressure, water, and ice. Includes rosin, bubble hash, and dry sift. Valued for purity and full-spectrum terpene preservation.
Spliff
A rolled cannabis cigarette that contains a mixture of cannabis and tobacco. More common in Europe than in North America.
Stabilized
A cannabis strain that has been bred through enough generations (typically 6+) to consistently produce uniform offspring. Stabilized genetics show minimal phenotypic variation.
Stamen
The pollen-producing male reproductive organ of a cannabis flower. Consists of a filament topped by an anther (pollen sac). Finding stamens on a supposedly female plant indicates hermaphroditism.
Stigma
The pollen-catching tip of the pistil on a female cannabis flower. Stigmas start white and darken to orange, red, or brown as the flower matures — a visual indicator of ripeness.
Strain
A specific variety of cannabis with distinct characteristics in terms of appearance, aroma, effects, and growing traits. The term is being gradually replaced by "cultivar" in the industry.
Sugar Leaf
The small leaves that grow within and around cannabis buds, heavily coated in trichomes. Sugar leaves are trimmed during harvest but saved for making concentrates, edibles, or pre-rolls.
Supercropping
A high-stress training technique where stems are gently pinched and bent until the inner fibers break while the outer skin remains intact. The stem heals stronger with a "knuckle" and the bent branch receives equal light.
Synthetic Cannabinoids
Lab-created chemicals designed to mimic the effects of natural cannabis cannabinoids. Products like K2 and Spice are dangerous and unrelated to natural cannabis despite misleading marketing.
T19 terms
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Terp Sauce
A highly aromatic cannabis concentrate with a high ratio of terpenes to cannabinoids. Terp sauce captures the full flavor profile of the original plant and is prized by connoisseurs.
Terpene
Aromatic organic compounds produced in cannabis trichomes that give each strain its unique smell and flavor. Terpenes also modulate cannabinoid effects and contribute to the entourage effect. Read our terpene chart →
Terpinolene
A fruity, floral terpene found in lilac, tea tree, and fewer than 10% of cannabis strains. When present as the dominant terpene, it creates distinctively complex, uplifting profiles. Read our terpinolene terpene guide →
THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)
The primary psychoactive cannabinoid in cannabis. THC produces euphoria, altered perception, pain relief, appetite stimulation, and relaxation by binding to CB1 receptors in the brain.
THCA (Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid)
The raw, non-psychoactive precursor to THC found in living cannabis plants. THCA converts to THC through decarboxylation (heat). THCA itself shows anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties.
THCV (Tetrahydrocannabivarin)
A minor cannabinoid that produces a clear-headed, stimulating high of shorter duration than THC. THCV may suppress appetite and is being researched for diabetes and weight management applications.
Tincture
A liquid cannabis extract, typically alcohol or oil-based, administered under the tongue (sublingually) for rapid absorption. Tinctures offer precise dosing and onset within 15-45 minutes.
Tissue Culture
A laboratory technique for propagating cannabis from small tissue samples in a sterile, nutrient-rich medium. Enables mass production of genetically identical, disease-free plantlets.
Tolerance
The reduced response to cannabis after repeated use, requiring higher doses to achieve the same effects. Tolerance develops as CB1 receptors downregulate with consistent THC exposure. A tolerance break (T-break) can reset sensitivity.
Top-Shelf
The highest quality grade of cannabis flower available at a dispensary. Characterized by excellent trichome coverage, strong aroma, dense structure, and premium pricing.
Topical
Cannabis-infused products (creams, balms, lotions, patches) applied directly to the skin. Topicals provide localized relief for pain, inflammation, and skin conditions without psychoactive effects.
Topping
Cutting the main growth tip (apical meristem) of a cannabis plant to break apical dominance and promote two new main colas. Topping is typically done during the vegetative stage to increase yield.
Transplant
Moving a cannabis plant from one container to a larger one to accommodate root growth. Transplanting is typically done 2-3 times during the grow cycle, from seedling pot to final container.
Trellis
A support structure used to train and support cannabis plants. In indoor grows, horizontal trellising serves double duty as a SCROG screen for canopy management.
Trichome
Tiny, mushroom-shaped glandular structures covering cannabis flowers and sugar leaves. Trichomes produce and store cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids. Their color (clear, milky, amber) indicates harvest readiness.
Trim
The excess leaf material removed from cannabis buds during harvest processing. Sugar leaf trim retains significant trichome coverage and is valuable for making extracts, edibles, and pre-rolls.
Trim Bin
A specialized trimming tray with a mesh screen bottom that collects kief as buds are manicured. The collected kief from trim bins is a valuable byproduct of the harvest process.
Trim Run
A cannabis concentrate extracted from trim rather than whole flower. Trim runs are lower in terpene content and potency than nug runs but are more economical to produce.
Turgidity
The firmness of a cannabis plant's cells and tissues when fully hydrated. Wilting indicates loss of turgidity from underwatering, while excessive turgidity from overwatering can suffocate roots.
U1 term
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UV (Ultraviolet) Light
Light wavelengths below 400nm that can stimulate increased trichome production in cannabis as a stress response. Some growers supplement with UV-B light during late flowering to boost resin production.
V4 terms
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Vaporizer (Vape)
A device that heats cannabis flower or concentrate to a temperature that releases cannabinoids and terpenes as vapor without combustion. Considered less harmful than smoking due to the absence of combustion byproducts.
Veg / Vegetative Stage
The growth phase before flowering when cannabis plants develop their root system, stems, branches, and leaves. During veg, plants require 18+ hours of light per day and higher nitrogen nutrition.
Vermiculite
A mineral-based soil amendment that improves water retention and provides some magnesium and potassium. Less commonly used than perlite in cannabis cultivation but useful for seedling mixes.
VPD (Vapor Pressure Deficit)
The difference between the moisture the air can hold and the moisture currently in the air. VPD is a more precise metric than relative humidity for optimizing cannabis transpiration, nutrient uptake, and growth rate.
W6 terms
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Water Curing
A post-harvest technique where trimmed buds are submerged in water for several days, with daily water changes. Removes chlorophyll, salts, and impurities faster than traditional curing, producing an ultra-smooth but less flavorful product.
Wax
A cannabis concentrate with a soft, opaque, waxy consistency. Produced through solvent extraction and agitation that creates a texture between budder and crumble.
Weed
One of the most common slang terms for cannabis. Despite negative connotations, the term is widely used colloquially and in popular culture.
Wet Trim
Trimming cannabis immediately after harvest while the plant is still fresh. Wet trimming is faster and easier than dry trimming but may result in quicker drying and some terpene loss.
Whole Plant
An extraction or processing approach that uses the entire cannabis plant (flowers, leaves, stems) rather than just the buds. Whole-plant extracts retain a broader range of cannabinoids and terpenes.
Winterization
A post-extraction refinement process that removes fats, lipids, and waxes from cannabis oil using ethanol and sub-zero temperatures. Produces a cleaner, more potent final product.
X1 term
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Xeriscape Growing
A low-water outdoor cannabis cultivation approach adapted from desert landscaping techniques. Uses drought-tolerant genetics, mulching, and efficient irrigation to minimize water usage.
Y1 term
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Yield
The total amount of dried, trimmed cannabis flower harvested from a plant or grow cycle. Yield is typically measured in grams per plant (outdoor) or grams per square meter (indoor).
Z2 terms
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Zero-Waste Growing
A cultivation philosophy aimed at utilizing every part of the cannabis plant — flowers for consumption, trim for extraction, stalks for fiber or compost, and root balls for organic soil amendments.
Zip
Slang for one ounce (approximately 28 grams) of cannabis. The term originates from the Ziploc bags commonly used to store an ounce.
Explore More Resources
Deepen your cannabis knowledge with our in-depth guides and interactive tools.
Terpene Chart
Visual guide to the 8 major cannabis terpenes, their aromas, effects, and which strains contain them.
Indica vs Sativa
The real differences between indica, sativa, and hybrid strains — effects, growing traits, and terpene profiles.
Germination Guide
Step-by-step instructions for germinating cannabis seeds with the paper towel method and more.
Strain Finder Quiz
Answer a few questions and get matched with the perfect cannabis strains for your needs.
Autoflower vs Feminized
Understand the key differences between autoflowering and feminized photoperiod seeds.
The Entourage Effect
How cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids work synergistically to create whole-plant benefits.
Ready to Grow?
Browse our collection of premium cannabis seeds from trusted breeders worldwide.